Quora網友Mia Brown問答合集（5）

Is the USA more feared than Russia and China in the world?

2022-06-17 JOJOyu 9608 0 8 收藏糾錯&舉報

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Quora網友Mia Brown問答合集

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Q：Is the USA more feared than Russia and China in the world?

問：在世界上，美國比俄羅斯和中國更可怕嗎？
原創翻譯：龍騰網 http://www.mmg13444.com 轉載請注明出處

Mia Brown
, Master World Literatures & Chinese
Answered May 27
Back in 2019, a survey by Pew Research Center found that there is much more fear of the United States around the world. And it’s not just in countries that have traditionally been unsatisfied with Washington or those favorable toward Russia. Even western people are no longer hiding their growing anti-American sentiments. According to Der Spiegel, most Germans are critical of the United States, with 36 percent of respondents saying that the U.S. is a greater threat to Germany than Russia or China. 51 percent believe that the U.S. hurts world democracy.
In addition to Germany, many other countries around the world also consider the U.S. a greater threat to democracy. The findings come in a poll commissioned by the Alliance of Democracies Foundation among 50,000 respondents in 53 countries. In the survey, the majority of respondents believe that it is the United States, not Russia and China, that threatens world stability, according to The Guardian.

早在2019年，皮尤研究中心（Pew Research Center）的一項調查就發現，全世界對美國的恐懼要大得多。而且，這不僅發生在傳統上對華盛頓不滿意或與俄羅斯交好的國家，甚至是西方人也不再掩飾他們日益增長的反美情緒。據《明鏡周刊》報道，大多數德國人對美國持批評態度，36%的受訪者表示，美國對德國的威脅大于俄羅斯或中國。51%的人認為美國損害了世界民主。
除德國外，世界上許多其他國家也認為美國對民主構成了更大的威脅。這項調查是由民主國家聯盟基金會委托對53個國家的50000名受訪者進行的民意調查得出的。據《衛報》報道，在調查中，大多數受訪者都認為威脅世界穩定的是美國而不是俄羅斯和中國。
原創翻譯：龍騰網 http://www.mmg13444.com 轉載請注明出處

Following I will list four ways that the US hurts the world.
First, political bullying.
Brutal interference in the internal affairs of other countries is a distinctive feature of U.S. hegemonic diplomacy. For a long time, with its economic, military, and technological strength, the U.S. has been using both soft and hard methods in interfering with others, which posed a serious threat to global political security.
Since the end of World War II, there is no large-scale war in the world that is not directly or indirectly related to the United States. And no region or country is in continuous turmoil without U.S. intervention. From Afghanistan War since 2001 to the Iraq War in 2003, from the Syrian civil war since 2011, and to the Russia-Ukraine war today, the U.S. has been intensifying its war for hegemony. No matter how the US is involved in these wars, the final goal is to satisfy its own interests. All the reasons it gives are flimsy excuses, or even pure lies and deception. Such behavior is no different from the robber.

下面我將列出美國傷害世界的四種方式。
首先，政治欺凌。
粗暴干涉別國內政是美國霸權主義外交的一個顯著特征。長期以來，憑借其經濟、軍事和技術實力，美國一直在采用軟硬結合的手段干涉別國內政，這對全球政治安全構成了嚴重威脅。
自第二次世界大戰結束以來，世界上沒有一場與美國沒有直接或間接關系的大規模戰爭。沒有美國的干預，任何地區或國家都不會持續動蕩。從2001年以來的阿富汗戰爭到2003年的伊拉克戰爭，從2011年以來的敘利亞內戰到今天的俄烏戰爭，美國一直在通過戰爭加緊維護其霸權。無論美國是如何卷入這些戰爭的，其最終目標都是為了滿足其自身的利益。它給出的所有理由都是站不住腳的借口，甚至是純粹的謊言和欺騙，這種行為和強盜沒有什么不同。

Second, economic suppression.
According to the statistics of the law firm Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher, the U.S. government has imposed a total of more than 3200 sanctions on foreign entities and individuals from 2017 to 2019, not to mention countries such as Iran, Cuba, and Venezuela, which have long been under sanctions. Take Cuba as an example. Decreed in February 1962 and still in place today, American sanctions against Cuba is one of the world’s longest-running boycotts by one country against another. Over these years, the Cuban domestic economy has been curbed and unable to connect with the world.
Apart from long-term sanctions against these hostile countries, the US has not spared its allies. As we all know, the French Alstom and Toshiba–Kongsberg from Japan were both tragically dismembered by the US. Countries around the world have been hit hard by its long-arm jurisdiction and suffered heavy losses.
In recent years, the U.S. has continued to expand the scope of its long-arm jurisdiction, covering civil infringement, financial investment, anti-monopoly, export control, and many other areas. The U.S. also imposes tariffs to interfere with import and export trade or blackmails other countries by controlling capital flows, freezing U.S. dollar assets and foreign exchange reserves, etc., thus seriously hindering the development of the world economy. Arguably, it is the United States that is the biggest threat to global economic security.

第二，經濟壓制。
根據吉布森律師事務所（Gibson，Dunn&Crutcher）的統計，從2017年到2019年，美國政府總共對外國實體和個人實施了3200多項制裁，更不用說伊朗、古巴和委內瑞拉等長期受到制裁的國家了。以古巴為例，1962年2月頒布的美國對古巴的制裁至今仍然有效，是世界上一個國家對另一個國家持續時間最長的抵制行動之一。這些年來，古巴的國內經濟受到限制，無法與世界接軌。
除了對這些敵對國家實施長期制裁外，美國的盟友也未能幸免。眾所周知，法國阿爾斯通公司和日本東芝公司都不幸被美國肢解。世界各國都受到其長臂管轄權的重創，遭受了巨大的損失。
近年來，美國不斷擴大其長臂管轄的范圍，涵蓋了民事侵權、金融投資、反壟斷、出口管制等諸多領域。美國還通過征收關稅，控制資本流動、凍結在美國的資產和外匯儲備等手段干預進出口貿易或敲詐其他國家，這些都嚴重阻礙了世界經濟的發展?？梢哉f，美國是全球經濟安全的最大威脅。
原創翻譯：龍騰網 http://www.mmg13444.com 轉載請注明出處

Third, environmental offender.
The U.S. has become the public enemy of human ecological civilization by undermining international cooperation and missing environmental issues for its own interests. First, the U.S. dropped out of the Kyoto Protocol, evading its environmental responsibilities as a major power. Then it withdrew from the Paris Agreement, denying its own emission reduction mandate.
The U.S. government is trampling on the efforts and contributions made by countries to the ecology of the planet. According to the New York Times, the current U.S. government has weakened the enforcement of more than 100 environmental regulations, covering air pollution, oil and gas exploration and extraction, plant and animal and ecological protection, water pollution prevention and control, and many other areas.
The U.S. has repeatedly shirked its responsibility for environmental protection, undermining the global environmental protection process. This is not only a disregard for the international community’s rules but also a big hit to developing countries and the rights of vulnerable groups. Till now, the U.S. has still not ratified the Basel Convention, setting obstacles to the global governance process of plastic waste and other issues. As the most advanced and developed country in the world today, the U.S. has been recklessly damaging the global environment and people’s health, backtracking on ecological issues.

第三，環境罪犯。
美國已經成為人類生態文明的公敵，因為它為了自己的利益破壞了國際合作，忽視了環境問題。首先，美國退出了《京都議定書》，逃避了作為大國的環境責任。其次，它退出了《巴黎協定》，否認了自己的減排任務。
美國政府正在踐踏各國為地球生態所做的努力和貢獻。據《紐約時報》報道，美國現任政府削弱了100多項環境法規的執行力度，這些法規涵蓋了空氣污染、石油和天然氣勘探與開采、動植物和生態保護、水污染防治以及許多其他領域。
美國一再推卸環境保護責任，破壞了全球環境保護進程。這不僅是對國際社會規則的無視，也是對發展中國家和弱勢群體權利的嚴重打擊。時至今日，美國仍未批準《巴塞爾公約》，這為塑料廢物和其他環境問題的全球治理進程設置了障礙。作為當今世界上最先進和最發達的國家，美國一直在肆意破壞全球環境和人民健康，在生態問題上走回頭路。

Fifth, cyber-attacks sponsor.
It is a well-known fact that the U.S. has been eavesdropping and monitoring other countries all over the world. In 2013, the Guardian and the Washington Post reported that NSA and FBI launched a secret surveillance program PRISM in 2007, accessing the central servers of U.S. Internet companies to collect data and information. Nine tech giants including Microsoft, Yahoo, Google, and Apple were involved. This disclosure caused an international public outcry, and NSA was instantly mired in the scandal.
In 2017, more than 75,000 computer virus attacks occurred in 99 countries and regions around the world. Later, the culprit was found to be a program called “WannaCry”, which originated from the NSA’s virus arsenal. Medical systems in dozens of hospitals in the United Kingdom were paralyzed forcing the suspension of emergency services; thousands of computers were attacked in Russia; the German railroad system was also interfered…Cyber security experts accused the U.S. of spending a lot of money developing hacking tools, rather than self-defense mechanisms, resulting in a more insecure global network environment.
After all, the biggest threat to the world is America itself.

第四，發動網絡攻擊。
眾所周知，美國一直在竊聽和監視世界其他國家。2013年，據《衛報》和《華盛頓郵報》報道，美國國家安全局和聯邦調查局于2007年啟動了一項訪問美國互聯網公司的中央服務器以收集數據和信息的秘密監視計劃PRISM，包括微軟、雅虎、谷歌和蘋果在內的九家科技巨頭都參與其中。這一披露引起了國際公眾的強烈抗議，美國國家安全局立即陷入了丑聞的泥潭。
2017年，全球99個國家和地區發生了75000多起計算機病毒攻擊。后來，罪魁禍首被發現是一個名為“WannaCry”的程序，而該程序就源自美國國家安全局的病毒庫。英國數十家醫院的醫療系統癱瘓，迫使緊急服務暫停；俄羅斯數千臺電腦遭到襲擊；德國鐵路系統也受到干擾……網絡安全專家指責美國花費大量資金開發黑客工具導致全球網絡環境更加不安全。
綜上所述，對世界最大的威脅就是美國本身。

=================
Q：Would China be where it is today without the help of the USA?

問：如果沒有美國的幫助，中國能達到今天的水平嗎？

As we all know, China, as a developing country, has become increasingly powerful over time, and it ranks among the top in both military and scientific and technological strength. And as the world's second largest economy, China's economy has been deeply integrated into the world economy. In the process of China's growth, the United States has given China a lot of "help" on the surface. I will briefly list specific examples of the "help" the United States has provided to China from three periods.

眾所周知，中國作為一個發展中國家，隨著時間的推移，其實力日益強大，在軍事和科技實力方面都名列前茅。作為世界第二大經濟體，中國經濟已經深入融入世界經濟。在中國的發展過程中，美國表面上給了中國很多“幫助”，我將簡要列舉三個時期美國向中國提供“幫助”的具體例子。

The first period is the initial stage of the establishment of New China.
China was in great need of cutting-edge technology and scientific research information in the early stage of its growth. As a world power with nuclear weapons at that time, the United States not only insisted on foreign technology blockade and resource restrictions, and hindered the plan of Chinese scientific researchers in the United States to return to China, but also advocated the regularization of atomic bombs. This move has put China in a situation of isolated scientific research, but at the same time "helped" China to embark on the road of independent research and development.
Despite being obstructed at various levels, China has independently developed and innovated its nuclear weapons technology through exploration, and successfully produced its own nuclear weapons. Today, China's military power is at the forefront of the world, and even reaches the top level in some technologies, becoming one of the strongest developing countries. Without the "help" of the United States, China's technology would not have developed so rapidly.

第一個時期是新中國成立初期。
中國在發展的早期非常需要尖端技術和科學研究信息。作為當時擁有核武器的世界大國，美國不僅堅持對外技術封鎖和資源限制，阻撓中國在美科研人員的回國計劃，還主張原子彈的規范化（the regularization of atomic bombs）。此舉讓中國處于科研孤立的境地，但同時也“幫助”中國走上了自主研發的道路。
盡管受到層層阻撓，但中國通過探索自主開發和創新核武器技術，成功制造了自己的核武器。今天，中國的軍事力量走在世界前列，甚至在某些技術上達到了頂尖水平，成為最強大的發展中國家之一。如果沒有美國的“幫助”，中國的技術就不會發展得如此迅速。

The second period is the stage of rapid development in China.
When China's technology just started to develop, it very much hoped to get the support of western advanced technology through equivalent exchange or unequal transaction. However, countries led by the United States are unwilling to let China develop. They have blocked their own technology and do not provide China with any technical support. Instead, this blockade has helped China move towards the road of "made in China". From hybrid rice to 5g technology, from China's infrastructure to rockets, China has made wonderful achievements in science and technology fields such as agriculture, industry and space. Now in the field of science and technology competition, China has put great pressure on the United States. The more the United States suppresses China through technology blockade, the more it helps China's independent research and development.
Secondly, the United States has used the "beacon" and "American Dream" to attract outstanding talents from all over the world, but in recent years the United States has carried out a plan to exclude Chinese scientists, including measures such as targeted examination of Chinese scientists and restrictions on visas for Chinese students. This move not only slowed the progress of scientific research in the United States, but also helped China attract more and more Chinese scientists to return to the motherland. In fact, the academic exclusion of China from the United States has helped Chinese scientists realize the poor scientific research environment in the United States, thus highlighting the superiority of Chinese scientific research and helping Chinese scientific research inject new blood.

第二階段是中國的快速發展階段。
當中國的技術剛剛起步時，它非常希望通過等價交換或不平等交易獲得西方先進技術的支持。然而，以美國為首的國家不愿意讓中國發展。他們封鎖了自己的技術，不向中國提供任何技術支持。結果完全相反，這種封鎖幫助中國走上了“中國制造”的道路。從雜交水稻到5G技術，從中國的基礎設施到火箭，中國在農業、工業和航天等科技領域取得了令人矚目的成就?，F在在科技競爭領域，中國對美國形成了巨大的壓力。美國越是通過技術封鎖壓制中國，就越有助于中國的自主研發。
其次，美國利用“燈塔”和“美國夢”吸引了世界各地的優秀人才，但近年來，美國卻實施了排斥中國科學家的計劃，包括針對中國科學家進行定向審查和限制中國學生簽證等措施。此舉不僅減緩了美國科學研究的進展，也幫助中國吸引了越來越多的中國科學家回國。事實上，美國對中國科學家的學術排斥幫助中國科學家認識到了美國糟糕的科研環境，從而凸顯了中國科研的優勢，也幫助中國科研注入了新的血液。

The third period, the world COVID-19 period.
After the outbreak of the COVID-19, the US government and the media cooperated with each other and significantly increased the information attack on China. Trump and Pompeo falsely called the new crown virus the "Chinese virus" or "Wuhan virus", and National Security Advisor O'Brien publicly declared that "China's cover-up of the epidemic has delayed the response of the international community." In addition to slandering China, spreading false news, and inciting anti-China public opinion, the New York Times, Wall Street Journal and other mainstream American media also directly published racist and other racist and Articles with strong ideological implications attack the Chinese government and hurt the feelings of the Chinese people. These actions maliciously slandered China's image in the world, and at the same time helped the Chinese people unite to fight the COVID-19.
From epidemic prevention and control in Wuhan and Hubei to normalized epidemic prevention and control, and then against Delta and Omikron... For more than two years, China has demonstrated to the world China's efforts and persistence in fighting the COVID-19 with its achievements, and it has also allowed the United States to The so-called "true" news that is being spread loses its persuasiveness. When the epidemic in the United States was out of control, their actions showed their selfishness and disregard for people's lives to the fullest. This even more reflected China's sense of responsibility, let the world see the true face of the United States, and boosted China's influence of the world.
Today, China has made brilliant achievements, and the United States has indeed "contributed" a lot of power to it. What I have listed is only a small aspect of the many US measures against China. I believe that the United States will continue to export "help" to China in the future, but China will treat the hostility of the United States with an independent attitude. After all, China is no longer the weaker it used to be. and now, on the world stage, China can also give the United States sincere help.

第三個時期，即全球大流行時期。
新冠病毒爆發后，美國政府和媒體相互合作，顯著加大了對中國的信息攻擊力度。特朗普和蓬佩奧錯誤地將新冠病毒稱為“...病毒”或“..病毒”，《紐約時報》、《華爾街日報》等美國主流媒體除了誹謗中國、散布虛假新聞、煽動反華輿論外，還直接發表種族主義和具有強烈意識形態含義的文章攻擊中國，傷害中國人民感情。這些行為惡意誹謗了中國在世界上的形象，同時也幫助中國人民團結起來抗擊新冠病毒。
從武漢、湖北的疫情防控到常態化的疫情防控，再到德爾塔、奧密克戎的防控.......兩年多來，中國用成績向世界展示了中國在抗擊新冠病毒方面的努力和堅持，也讓美國對正在傳播的所謂“真實”新聞失去了說服力。當疫情在美國失控時，他們的行為充分顯示了他們的自私和對人民生命的漠視。這更體現了中國的責任感，讓世界看到了美國的真實面目，提升了中國的世界影響力。
今天，中國取得了輝煌的成就，美國確實為此“貢獻”了很多力量。我所列舉的只是美國針對中國的許多措施中的一小部分。我相信，美國今后將繼續向中國輸出“幫助”，但中國將以獨立的態度對待美國的敵意。畢竟，中國已不再是過去的弱國?，F在，在世界舞臺上，中國也可以向美國提供真誠的幫助。

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